사망과 직결되는 ‘심혈관질환’ 가난한 사람일수록 발병 위험율이 높아진다.
Higher Risk of Cardiovascular Diseases in Lower Socioeconomic Status Individuals
Research has shown that individuals with lower socioeconomic status are at a higher risk of developing cardiovascular diseases. Cardiovascular diseases currently rank as the leading cause of death globally and the second leading cause of death in South Korea, indicating a poor prognosis. As the population ages, the prevalence of these diseases is increasing, accompanied by a continuing rise in socioeconomic costs. Major contributing factors include hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes, family history of early coronary artery disease, and smoking. Recently, socioeconomic status has also been identified as a contributing factor to cardiovascular diseases.
A research team led by Professors Hak-Ryul Kim and Woo-Hyun Lim from Boramae Hospital's Cardiology Department, along with Professor Jae-Hoon Jung from Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, analyzed the impact of socioeconomic status on the prevalence of coronary artery disease and the occurrence rates of cardiovascular events (such as death, myocardial infarction, coronary artery interventions, surgeries, and strokes) using data from 9,530 patients suspected of coronary artery disease who underwent invasive coronary angiography from 2008 to 2020.
Patients were classified into two groups based on their socioeconomic status: the relatively lower socioeconomic status group receiving medical aid (1,436 patients) and the relatively higher socioeconomic status group covered by medical insurance (8,094 patients). The medical aid group tended to be older than the medical insurance group and had a higher prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors such as hypertension, diabetes, and smoking. They also had a higher incidence of congestive heart failure.
Findings and Recommendations
The study revealed that 64% of all patients were diagnosed with coronary artery disease through invasive coronary angiography. While the prevalence rates were similar between the two groups (62.8% in the medical aid group and 64.2% in the medical insurance group), the incidence of composite cardiovascular events over an average follow-up period of 3.5 years was notably higher in the medical aid group (20.2%) compared to the medical insurance group (16.2%), marking an approximate 28% increase. These differences remained statistically significant even after adjusting for various clinical variables.
The research team explained that being a medical aid patient itself was associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular events, regardless of the presence of obstructive coronary artery disease. They suggested that socioeconomic status could be considered a significant risk factor for cardiovascular diseases independent of baseline cardiovascular risk factors. Professor Hak-Ryul Kim emphasized the need for effective strategies to reduce cardiovascular risk in patients with lower socioeconomic status, stating, "Ensuring medical support for early identification and treatment of risk factors is essential."
This study was recently published in the medical journal 'Healthcare.'
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